Welcomed to the second class with a pile of lead type characters of all sizes, leaving me in amazement that the job of making these tiny pieces of metal used to belong to someone.
Swevyheym and Pannartz- evolution to roman letters
1465- based upon humanistic writing of italian scribes (round letter forms), actually building off of humanistic writing of alcuan
Calendarium- first example of interactive (tidbit?) moving piece in a book
Steven Daye brought printing to the colonies in 1639
first book he prints- whole book of psalmes
he is much like gutenburg, the first to bring printing to a new area in some way, make a business decision
Letter engraving- letters to be drawn by scientific principles, a square divided into a grid of 64 units each of the was divided into 36 units for a total of 2304 units, meaning its completely useless
True or false, with the introduction of the romain du roi, typeface quality in france increased? False, no one was allowed to use it, had a spur in lower case L to signify its royalty, people who used it could be punished severely
Roccocco- fancible french art and architecture of 1700s, floral and intricate, delicate, pastel
Fourmier le Jeune- helped develop a lot in typography, he dies before the revolution and due to the revolution, his type loses its social relevance due to the fact that when you tear an institution down, you get rid of everything, including aesthetics of roccocco
Copper plate engraving flourishes during roccocco, no longer limited to horiz. and vert., you can have extreme thick and thin, different characteristic of letterform, and it begins to influence style of lead type printing
Giambattista Bodoni- influenced by roccocco and froumiere, evolves to modern style and typefaces, he redesigns roman typeform with more geometric appearance, his idea is to look at base units in letterform design, bodoni simplifies as it evolves
Fat face- extending a bodoni, making a bodoni fatter, an example is display typeform, used for anything but reading, perfect for the industrial revolution, with new brands great because people are vying for attention and trying to sell thing
During the industrial revolution, the world is affected socially, economically and politically
development of factory system and division of labor, there is the invention of wood type with the invention of the router which could make many copies of a small piece of wood type
large metal type a problem due to their weight and bowing when metal cools, rise of the middle class during the I.R. Breeds contempt with neighbors wanting what another has, mass unemployment horrible living and working conditions, on the plus side, growing literacy and education
1815- Vincent Figgins showed two lines pica, antiqua
two lines egyptian- for our purposes, first sans serif typface, made by simply cutting off the serifs
tuscan letters- display faces done with router, ornamental serif faces
shadow, knocked out and god knows what typefaces seen during the industrial revolution due to the invention of the router
Egyptian faces don't look egyptian, named so for the fact that we were excavating in egypt at the time
Poster houses start popping up, broadside posters not so much designed, simply made from practical concerns for type available, they started to decline in the 70s with the advent of lithography
In lithography- marble slab, ground smooth, and etch letters directly onto marble slab, its very freeing and smooth
5 historical type families-
Old Style- organic, ascender pass beyond cap height, based on traditions of the hand, the first roman faces, you can imagine it being written with a pen, ex. Garamond
Transitional- we see as evolution to the modern face, greater contrast of thick and thin, less bracket at serif, more vert. stress, ex. Baskerville
Modern- modern at the time, not present day, extreme contrast of thick and thin, no brackets on serifs, ex. Bodoni
Egyptian- even weight, slab serifs, ex. Clarindon or Century Schoolbook
Sans Serif- serif is absent
Beyond the 5 historical families there are-
Display
Black Letter
Hand
Script
Dingbats
12 points = 1 pica
6 pica = 1 inch
72 points = = 1 inch
Auto leading set to be 20% and above, set for text, running text
anything other than that (caption, editorial text, etc.) adjust the leading manually and make a decision
